Which item refers to predefined instructions for paramedic actions?

• A. Care protocols
• B. Standing orders
• C. Instructor Resource Center
• D. Student Workbook Exercises

Answer: (B)

Standing orders are predefined, medical-director–approved instructions that authorize paramedics to perform specific interventions in defined situations without needing a direct physician order. This arrangement ensures rapid, consistent, and legally supported care when time is critical and a physician isn’t immediately available. For example, a standing order might authorize administering aspirin for suspected cardiac chest pain under certain vital sign criteria, or giving epinephrine for anaphylaxis within established parameters. Care protocols describe general approaches to conditions, but standing orders specifically empower the paramedic to act autonomously when criteria are met. Resources like an Instructor Resource Center or Student Workbook Exercises are educational materials, not direct clinical instructions.