Which specific class includes common drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia, such as diazepam and lorazepam?

• A. Stimulants
• B. Anxiolytics
• C. Depressants
• D. Benzodiazepines

Answer: (D)

Benzodiazepines are a specific class of CNS depressants that are especially effective for anxiety and sleeplessness because they enhance the calming effects of the neurotransmitter GABA at the GABA-A receptor. This positive modulation increases chloride ion influx into neurons, making them less excitable, which translates into reduced anxiety, sedation, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant effects. Diazepam and lorazepam are classic examples of this class, so when a drug is described as treating both anxiety and insomnia with those names, the class being referenced is benzodiazepines.

This set differs from stimulants, which would raise CNS activity and typically worsen anxiety or sleep problems. It’s also a broader category to say anxiolytics in general, since many other drug types (like certain antidepressants) can relieve anxiety, but the specific drugs mentioned are benzodiazepines. Use of benzodiazepines carries risks such as sedation, impaired coordination, dependence, and possible respiratory depression when combined with other depressants, which is important to keep in mind in practice.